What is the flu?
The flu, also known as influenza, is a common acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. It presents with symptoms such as fever, chills, body aches, headaches, fatigue, runny nose, sore throat, and cough. Influenza in Singapore can cause mild to severe illness, and in some cases, it may lead to serious complications or even death.
There are different types of influenza viruses: Influenza A and Influenza B, which are seasonal and cause more severe symptoms and epidemics, while Influenza C is less common and typically causes milder symptoms.
In contrast, the common cold, often mistaken for the flu, is caused by other viruses such as rhinovirus and parainfluenza. While both share similar symptoms, the common cold usually results in milder symptoms and is less likely to lead to serious complications like pneumonia or hospitalization.
When is the Flu Season in Singapore?
Seasonal flu typically occurs during fall and winter in temperate regions. In Singapore, however, influenza can occur year-round due to its tropical climate, with peaks generally observed during certain months.
How Does the Flu Spread?
Influenza is highly contagious and spreads primarily through droplets in the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread through touching contaminated surfaces or direct contact with someone who has the flu.
In Singapore, people with influenza are most contagious in the first 3-4 days after their symptoms develop. If exposed, symptoms usually appear within 1-4 days post-exposure.
What Complications Can Influenza Cause?
Influenza in Singapore can lead to serious complications such as:
Lung infections (pneumonia)
Sinusitis and ear infections
Triggering of pre-existing or underlying conditions like asthma, COPD, and heart failure
Who is at Higher Risk of Flu Complications?
The following groups are at higher risk of severe flu complications:
Adults aged 65 years and older
Children aged 5 years and younger (especially below 2 years)
Pregnant individuals (all trimesters)
Children on long-term aspirin therapy
Individuals with chronic conditions, including pulmonary diseases (e.g., asthma, COPD), cardiovascular conditions (e.g., heart disease), diabetes, kidney or liver disease, neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, dementia), and those who are immunocompromised due to medications, organ transplants, or illnesses like HIV.
How is Influenza Diagnosed?
Differentiating influenza from other viral or bacterial respiratory illnesses can be challenging based on symptoms alone.
At Oaklife Family Clinic, we offer rapid influenza swab tests (similar to the Covid-19 PCR test) that provide results within 10-15 minutes, allowing for timely diagnosis and treatment.
How is the Flu Treated?
Flu treatment typically involves symptomatic relief, with adequate rest and hydration. The body's immune system usually fights off the virus, although it may take about 5-7 days for symptoms to subside.
For higher-risk patients, antiviral medications like Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) can be prescribed preferably within 48 hours of symptom onset. These medications can help lessen symptoms, speed up recovery by 1-2 days, and prevent complications like pneumonia.
How Can the Flu Be Prevented?
The most effective way to prevent influenza in Singapore is through annual flu vaccination. Singaporeans are eligible for government subsidies under the National Childhood and Adult Immunisation Schedules if they meet specific criteria. Refer to this MOH resource for more details.
For children, you can learn more about our vaccination offerings, including using the Child Development Account (CDA) or Baby Bonus cash gift to cover vaccination costs.
Additionally, wearing face masks, frequent handwashing, and avoiding touching your face, nose, and mouth can further reduce the spread of flu.
How can Oaklife Family Clinic help?
At Oaklife Family Clinic in Singapore, we provide comprehensive care for flu management, including:
Rapid Influenza Swab Tests: Accurate diagnosis within 10-15 minutes.
Tamiflu and Symptomatic Medications: For patients requiring treatment.
Flu Vaccinations: We offer flu vaccines for those who need them. As a CHAS-accredited clinic, we now provide government-subsidized flu vaccinations for eligible patients.
Visit us to discuss your flu prevention and treatment needs.
FAQs
1. How often should I get the flu vaccine in Singapore?
We recommend getting the flu vaccine annually to stay protected against new strains.
2. What should I do if I suspect I have the flu?
If you have flu symptoms, visit a clinic for a rapid influenza test and follow the doctor’s advice on treatment.
3. Are flu vaccinations subsidised in Singapore? Yes, subsidies are available for Singaporeans under the National Immunisation Schedules.
Written by Dr Lim Chong Soon Daniel
References:
- Singapore MOH influenza vaccination circulars
Disclaimer: this article is written for educational purposes and does not substitute for medical diagnosis and treatment.